八类场景词是什么？雅思听力需要背诵哪些场景词？

专题1 语法填空（一）——词类复习

方法与知识

优等生基本没有知识的问题，所以优等生的备考冲刺重点在于：1.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；2.精选难度适中的训练题。

名词

命题规律

名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。名词的考查强调语言的情景化，重点考查在特定语境、真实语境中的准确辨析、选择和运用名词的能力。名词短语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。

另外，在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。

名词的考点归纳：

(1)抽象名词具体化：beauty美、美丽（不可数名词） a beauty美人、美丽的东西（可数名词）；experience经验（不可数名词）an experience一次经历（可数名词）；surprise吃惊、惊奇（不可数名词） a surprise令人吃惊的人或事（可数名词）；honor荣誉、信誉（不可数名词） an honor一种光荣的人或事（可数名词）；failure失败（不可数名词） a failure/failures失败的人或事（可数名词）等等。

(2)名词短语的固定的搭配：have/gain access to接近，到达；take … into consideration考虑；take advantage of利用；in consequence of 由于 …… 的缘故 ；put into effect 实行，生效 等等。

【考例分析】

1.“Learn through use” is a good piece of ________ (advise) for those who are studying a new language.

【答案与解析】advice　一条建议，此处应用名词形式。

2.I'll stop and take a deep ____.

【答案与解析】考查名词。take a deep breath深呼吸，喘口气。

3.We don’t have to take great pains to control waste, but action and a grateful heart are needed; thank the water that runs through our fingers, and save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water ______ (short); [来源:Z.xx.k.Com]

【答案与解析】shortage考查名词。根据句意：为贫穷的因水资源短缺而争斗的阿拉伯国家或非洲国家节约水，此处应填写short的名词形式，故正确词语是shortage。

4.With the ____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious.

【答案与解析】随着工业的发展，空气污染变得越来越严重。考查名词：发展：development

5.Air pollution is caused by the following 3_________: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles.

【答案与解析】空气污染是由下面的原因造成的。考查名词“原因”reasons

6. If everybody realizes the ___________(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will be solved.

【答案与解析】如果每个人都注意到环境的重要性。考查名词“重要性”：importance

【方法总结】1.介词和动词后面可能缺宾语，这时填名词；2.考查含有名词的固定短语；3.句子缺主语时也可能填名词作主语；4.冠词后面可能填名词；5一定要注意名词的单复数形式。

代词

命题规律

一、代词是每年必考，贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识。考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前提下，强调在具体语境中理解和使用代词。

二、不定代词是代词中最重要、句法作用也是最为活跃的部分之一。因而，在复习中要注意总结、归纳，特别应熟记一批有特点的例句，以加深印象，更加准确地把握其用法。[来源:学&科&网]

三、平时要多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一定要重视。

代词高考常考点

（1）人称代词：人称代词作主语一般用主格形式，做宾语用宾格形式，作表语用主格形式，做定语用所有格形式。反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语，作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。特别注意：①人称代词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。②在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替代主格形式。

（2）反身代词：反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。

（3） 指示代词：指示词有this, that, these, those等。注意以下4点：①this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。②指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。③打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you。④ this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。

（4）不定代词：①表示两者“都”用both，表示两者“都不”用neither/nor，表示两者中的“任一”用either。②表示多者“都”用all，表示多者“都不”用none，no one, neither, nobody, nothing等表示多者中的“任一”用any。③all单独使用，或者后接一个定语从句，或者前面有物主代词时，意为everything或the only thing(s)。④another或“another＋单数可数名词”泛指“另一个，有一个，再一个”，其复数形式是others或“other＋复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”，有some…others(一些…另一些…)之搭配。the other(+单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个，常有one…the other(一个…另一个…)的搭配；其复数形式the others或“the other ＋复数名词”特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。another还可用于“another＋基数词或few＋复数名词”中，与“数词或some＋more/other ＋复数名词”相当。⑤everything(一切事，最重要的事), everyone =everybody (每个人，所有人); something(某事，重要的人或事物), someone =somebody(某/有人，重要的人); anything(什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物), anyone =anybody(任何人，无论谁，重要的人); nothing(没有东西，什么也没有，不重要的人或事), no one=nobody(没有人，不重要的人)等。它们还与别有词构成很多习语，如for nothing(徒劳，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，等等。

（5）代词 it(they),one(ones)和that(those)的用法：①代词one和it都可以代替上文中提到的可数名词，但one指代的是与上文中提到的同类物（复数用ones,主格和宾格相同）；而it指代的是上文提到的同一物品（

复数用they（主格）和them（宾格）。②one(ones)和that(those)这几个代词都可以代替上文中提到的名词，但使用时应注意：替代不可数名词时用that,或者省略不用名词，或者重复那个名词，但不可用one来代替。替代单数可数名词时用one和that均可，但泛指用one(相当于a/an+名词）；特指时用that（相当于the+名词）。 one(ones)可以有形容词等前置修饰语，也可以有后置修饰语（of短语除外）；而that(those)不能有前置修饰语，它（们）的修饰语只能后置。后跟of短语时，一般只能用that(those)。

【考例分析】

【例1】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult ______ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

【解析】it 作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语to ch

oose……。

【例2】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ______.

【解析】him please him (使他高兴)，填代词；根据句意，此处指代her father。

【例3】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?”

【解析】it 指前面提到的“水(the water)”。[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K]

【方法总结】句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。

形容词和副词

命题规律

形容词与副词主要考查以下几个方面：考查形容词作状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。

另外，在熟练掌握形容词与副词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意一些形容词与副词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。

形容词与副词基本用法：

（1）形容词和副词的辨析

形容词和副词的辨析主要分为两类：一类是给出语境，让学生填出符合这种语境的形容词或副词；另一类是形容词或副词的词形变化。近三年常考的有：

形容词：appropriate；conscious；generous；reasonable；confident；creative；grateful ；important；spare；public；convenient；apparent；unchallenged；vital；available；specific；similar；available；affordable；acceptable；valuable

副词：①hopefully；curiously；occasionally；gradually ②thus；besides；rather；otherwise ③competitively；recently；reasonably ④besides；however；therefore；instead ⑤besides；otherwise；however；altogether ⑥especially；equally；naturally；normally ⑦nevertheless；besides；otherwise；therefore ⑧especially；regularly；particularly；approximately

（2）形容词和副词比较等级[来源:学。科。网]

比较等级的常见句型：①两者比较，用“比较级 ＋ than”表示。②表示“两者之间较……的那个”用“the＋比较级＋n.＋ of the two ＋n.”。③表示“越……，就越……”用“the ＋ 比较级，the ＋

比较级”。④as＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...表示“和……一样”。⑤not as/so＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...表示“不如……”

比较等级前常用的修饰语：a little, a bit, slightly，much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。

否定词＋比较级＝最高级：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义。

【考例分析】

【例1】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).”

【解析】sweeter 句意是“什么也不会比这更甜”=这是世界上最甜的东西。

【例2】I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day.

【解析】later 指那天晚些时候。

【例3】It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.

【解析】harder 句中a little修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”作宾补。

【方法总结】当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。

介词及介词短语

命题规律

一、对介词句法功能的考查：介词构成的短语，可以在句子中充当定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等；介词有时在句子中活用为副词，充当状语。

二、对常用介词的辨析：介词用法多且复杂，相近的意思又可以有不同的介词表示，介词更着重与动词、形容词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查，所以要根据语境和交际条件灵活运用介词；同时对常用的介词要重点进行区别整理。

三、对介词短语搭配的考查：介词常和某些形容词、动词和名词联合运用，形成固定搭配，表示各种不同的意思，只要记住这些固定搭配，准确把握词组的语义。

介词与介词短语高考常考点：

（1）常见介词的活用

by，with，against，ov

er，on，in，at，besides，for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：①over可表位置，意为“在……上方，越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有“在……(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。②by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车

、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通

过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：by and by不久，迟早；by and large大体上；by oneself单独；by the way顺便说说；by far……得多，最…… by chance碰巧；by accident偶然地；by means of借助；by no means绝不，一点也不；by mistake错误地。③with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于”等意思。with还可用来表示原因。④beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所不及，超出……的范围”等意思。

（2）介词短语的主要类型

高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用：①介词+名词：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根据某人的看法；in detail详细地；out of reach够不着；beyond description难以描述地；out of question不成问题；out of the question不可能。②动词+介词：remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)。③形容词+介词：be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎；be absorbed in全神贯注于；be enthusiastic about热衷于。④介词短语：apart from除……之外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间；according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等

【考例分析】

【例1】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman ______ the trouble.

【解析】for reward sb. for sth. 表示“因……而酬谢/报答某人”。

【例2】He did so the next day. He was very tired ______ doing this for a whole day.[来源:学科网]

【解析】after/from　A.用介词after表示“在……之后”；B. be tired from doing sth.为“因做某事而累”。

【例3】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ______ table having supper.

【解析】at at table表示“在进餐”，是习惯搭配。

【方法总结】当“……（+限定词）+名词”或“……+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。

体验高考

1.【2017·新课标I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

Having enough fat and salt in your meals will re

duce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.

2. 【2017·新课标II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.

Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.

3. [2016·全国卷Ⅰ] 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's

biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1.________(attract).

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not­for­profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 2.________(allow) to get up close to

these cute animals at the 600­acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3.________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4.________ my days on a TV show in the mid­1980s, 5.________ I was the first Western TV reporter 6.________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7.________(introduce) British visitors to the 120­plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On my recent visit, I held a lively three­month­old twin that had been rejected by 8.________ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9.________(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed, 10.________ other is with Mum—she never suspects.

4.[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 1.________ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 2.________ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3.________ (be) often acceptable.

Most of us are more focused 4.________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5.________ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you nee

d to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.

Recent 6.________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7.________ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8.________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 9.________ (bring) your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 10.________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

模拟新题精选

1. 【四川省德阳市2018届高三一诊】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tiger Parents Do No Good to Kids’ Development

Digging through kids’ school bags, looking up all the assignments, sitting beside them going through each item, and finally______41______(have) all the homework checked with a name signed is a ______42______(day) routine for most Chinese parents, as required by teachers. A demanding task especially after a long day’s work at office, isn’t it? ___43___(luck), some parents in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, have been liberated. A local primary school has recently announced that parents will no longer have to sign their names on their kids’ homework, as students should be responsible____44____their own assignments.

Making mistakes is _____45_____essential part of the process of understanding. Who cares how much you___46___ (score) in your homework after you have settled down in life and found your directions? The_____47_____(able) to realize one’s mistakes and learn from th

em is what matters, which is also the main purpose of education. Why not give students a chance____48____(find) out and correct their mistakes themselves?

It is by no_____49_____(mean)parents’ duty to go through the kids’ assignments.____50____ parents are supposed to do is to create a friendly studying environment for kids, and teach them to be an independent learner. After all, independent learning is much more important than high scores.

2. 【福建省百所重点校2018届高三年上学期联合考试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

“The only female giant panda in Britain____41____(believe) to be pregnant,” Edinburgh Zoo said Thursday. The zoo said, “Tian Tian is being____42____(close) monitored, but it’s unclear____43____she will give birth. It’s hard to predict exactly and the panda breeding (繁殖) season can last until late September.”

Tian Tian and male panda Yang Guang, who are both 14,___44___(arrive) in Edinburgh on a decade-long loan from China in 2011 and are____45____only giant pandas in Britain. Tian Tian, or Sweetie, has been pregnant several___46___ (time) before in the U. K. but has never given birth.

Giant pandas have difficulty breeding and their pregnancies are very difficult____47____(follow). The animals also experience “pseudo-pregnancies (伪怀孕)”, during____48____their behavior and hormonal (生理的) changes indicate they are pregnant even when they are not.

The zoo’s statement came after the Edinburgh Evening N

evus used the Freedom of Information Act to obtain communication between the zoo and Scottish government____49____(show) that Tian Tian had been artificially inseminated and could give birth as early as this week. In a July 25 email, Iain Valentine, panda____50____(direct) at the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, said he thought Tian Tian was about 30 days away from giving birth.

3. 【广东省化州市2018届高三上学期第二次高考模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Fake news has long been ___41___ serious problem, and so

cial media ___42___ (blame) for allowing fake news stories to spread. US tech___43___ (company) Facebook and Google have been using ___44___ (analyze) technology to fact-check stories and add labels ___45___ dubious (可疑的) ones to warn their readers.

But recently a survey ___46___ (find) that as many as 60 percent of people in the US still think that not enough is being done___47___ (keep) internet users away from fake news. According to Eric Carvin, social media editor at the Associated Press, ___48___(fight) fake news is like “whack-a-mole (打地鼠游戏)”, she said, ___49___ means that for now, we’ll just have to rely on ___50___ (we) common sense to decide what’s real and what isn’t.

4. 【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tea is one of the most popular____41____(drink)in the world. You make it by pouring hot water over the___42___ (dry)leaves of a tea plant. For centuries people believed that tea could cure illnesses, and they used it as medicine. Today scientists know that tea contains chemicals that prevent cells from____43____(die). Most teas have caffeine in them, a substance that makes you feel more active. Some people have problems drinking tea because it can cause ___44___(sleepless).

The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places___45___rain falls throughout the year. Teas can be grown from sea level___46___about 2,000 metres, but the best quality grows in higher regions.

Tea ___47___(come)from the leaves and buds of tea plants. Wild plants can be up to 9 metres high but on tea plantations(茶园)they ___48___(cut)back to a bush of about a metre in height so that workers can pull the leaves ___49___(easy). It takes a plant three to five years before it is ready for plucking(采摘).

A plucker can harvest about 20 kg of tea a day. on large tea plantations the leaves are harvested by machines, ___50___the quality of tea is higher when the leaves are plucked by hand.

5. 【“江淮十校”2018届高三联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Mr.Perkins stood at the bus stop and watched the cars go by.Many of the cars were new Beta 400s,and most of ___41___were yellow.Mr.Perkins always___42___(wear) the same clothes as other men,ate the same food as other people,and did the same things after work and at the end of the week.Mr.Perkins did not like to be___43___(differ).The following week,Mr.Perkins bought a new,bright yellow Beta 400.He was satisfied___44___it,and drove it to work in the very next day.He was very happy when he saw all the other Beta 400s in front,behind,and on both___45___(side) of him. Mr.Perkins parked his car in a big parking lot near his office

,and worked the rest of the day.But when he came back at

five o'clock,there were___46___many bright yellow Beta 400s in the car-park that he did not know___47___was his car.He tried his key in some of the cars,but people___48___(pass) by gave him a look he didn't like.So he stopped.Poor Mr.Perkins hard to wait___49___(patience) until his car was the only one that___50___(leave)in the parking lot.

雅思有别于 TOEFL、CET4、CET6 等其他考试，需要掌握的单词很难量化，IELTS 考试听力部分选用的文章都来自英语国家的日常生活，因此并没有绝对的单词总数设定，而搞定关键词就是我们备考的重中之重了。

Listening situation: social events (section 2)

雅思听力 section 2 中经常会考到一些社会事件，比如说会议、展览、节日等。参加这些社会活动就需要通过网站、单页、通知版、广告等来了解活动的信息、日程安排、主题等详细信息。一些大型会议和活动学生是可以选择参加的，而且还提供住宿和餐饮，一切都只需要在注册的时候声明并且缴纳相应的费用即可。

Events: Convention, exhibition, conference, festival, exposition

Examples: Australian retailers’ convention, art exhibition, business conference, summer music festival, drama festival, travel exposition, world expo, cartoon exhibition, flower exhibition, auto show

Publicity: website/internet, leaflets, flyers, notice board, posters, advertisements, good for a family, children, adult, senior citizens

Transportation: bus, taxi, cab, subway, tube, coach, parking problems

Agenda: dates, timetable

Focus/theme: music/live music, art, ballet, clothes, drama, food, business, demonstration, comics, flower arrangement, biscuits

Celebration: parade, dance, chorus, music band

Catering: café, restaurant, pub, cafeteria, canteen, refectory, dining room, refreshments, snacks, takeout, takeaway, set lunch, barbecue

Security: security entrance, security office, security personnel/staff, fire exit, lockers, Check ID, video surveillance, cameras, crowded, children easily get lost

Listening situation: environment (section 2/4)

这类单词肯定是大家感觉到比较专业和难于掌握的，并不是需要学员们全部记忆下来，但起码要做到对发音和中文意思比较敏感，这样才会对全文的听力内容有一个较好的把握。否则就好像是听到了科普类文章一样，茫然不知所措，进而导致完全放弃。

atmosphere: Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Ozone, sulphur monoxide

pollution: air pollution, acid rain, contaminated water, pollutant, contaminant, chemicals, toxic waste

Geographical: soil erosion, desertification, drought, floods, overfishing, over-felling, deforestation

energy: fossil fuels, coal, gas, petroleum, solar, tide, wind power, nuclear, marsh gas, methane, biogas

recycling: plastic, paper, glass, bottle tops, ink cartridges, spare parts/components

Listening situation: repair (section 1)

这个场景主要是购物或者租房子后发现有一些这样那样的问题，物体的型号、主要的问题、需要什么时间来修理、有没有质保、替换还是退款等都会是很重要的考点。雅思听力还是非常实用的，能让我们提前预习到在国外会碰到的场景，帮我们了解外国人处理一些事情的流程和规则。

What to repair: fridge, refrigerator, washing machine, CD player, electric light, clock, bungalow, cooker, rice cooker, printer (shelf), Model type/number

Main problem: leaking, door broken, flashing, hands broken, noisy, fan broken, steam escaping

When to repair: immediately, straight away, right now, urgent, next week, weekdays, weekends, in a couple of weeks, mornings, afternoons (am pm)

Quality warranty: expiry date, quality guaranteed for two years

Compensation: refund, replacement

Payment: cash, cheque, credit card, bank transfer

Listening situation: diet and health (section 4)

饮食和健康不但是现在人们越来越关心的问题，也会是雅思听力考试中永恒不变的主题。在 Section 4 中经常出现关于健康饮食和生活方式的探讨。与此同时，听力中关于一些疾病的原因和治疗也都跟此有着密切的联系。我想 Heart disease, chronic illness, diabetes, obesity，high blood pressure 等疾病大家已经并不陌生了。

Food intake/elements: protein, vitamins, fat, carbohydrates, fat acid, calcium, cholesterol, minerals, calorie, kilocalorie

diet: cereals, sugar, salt, lean meat, eggs, fish, milk, vegetables, fruit, red meat, white meat

cereals: wheat, corn, barley, oat, maize, rice

health: low nutrition, malnutrition, overweight, obese, underweight, intelligence, eyesight, brain, learning difficulty, digestion, congestion, heart disease, tuberculosis

Physical exercises: running, jogging, swimming

listening situation: medicine (section 1 )

这个场景每年都会进行几次考查，重点要明确各种关于医生、治疗、疾病、药物、手术、医院的英文表达方式，以及弄清楚西方国家的医疗体系和看病流程。比如说 family doctor 这个概念在中国几乎是不存在的，但是在西方的社区里非常普遍。怎样注册一个家庭医生，他们看病怎样收费等都是我们应该去了解的。在国外某些地区，如果没有注册家庭医生，很可能出现一些急症没有医生来看的情况。

doctors: physician, surgeon, dentist, veterinarian, pediatrician, therapist, general practitioner

treatments: cure, remedy, therapy, acupuncture,

diseases: headache, toothache, backache (back pain), stomachache, heart disease, pneumonia, tuberculosis, diabetes, insomnia, asthma, employment medical, sprain, sports injury, sprained knee

medicine: antibiotics, penicillin, aspirin, sleeping pills (tablets), painkillers, dose, underdose, overdose, ice pack, walking sticks

surgery: operation

hospital: clinics, ward, maternity, emergency, surgery, practice

listening situation: library (section 1/4)

图书馆是雅思听力中经久不衰的场景之一，大家应该把握住图书馆的基本布局和功能、完整的借阅流程、以及图书馆所藏的素材。除了上课以外，图书馆应该是学生待的时间最长的地方了。国外的书籍价格还是比较高的，尤其是一些专业书籍，所以图书馆比较受欢迎也就理所应当了。

registration: information desk, information sector, librarian desk

registration fee, membership fee

ID documents: passport, visa, student card, library card, driver’s license, credit card, bank statement, phone bill, Identity card, C.V. letter

Library card, borrower’s card, reader’s card, electronic card, PIN, password

Books: fiction, reference books, technical books, leisure books, notion, academic

Periodicals: magazines, journals Current issues, back issues

Technical Resources: photocopying machine, photocopier, color, white and black photocopier, printer, laser printer, card, coin, internet access, computers, laptops

Electronic, digital: CD, DVD, VCD, videos, tapes, cassettes, CD-ROM

Recall system: catalogue (title, author, press, category) , call slip, librarian

Circulation: borrow, loan, return, renew, overdue, fine, reserve

Loan time: weeks, months (up to 4 weeks, maximum loan time)

Training classes: research methods, IT, computer software, dissertation writing

Listening situation: job hunting (section 1/2)

边上学边打工是很多学生的普遍生活方式，一方面可以贴补生活费用，另一方面可以增加社会经验和扩大朋友圈。如果有机会进入一些大公司当实习生的话必将对未来的工作有很大的帮助。以下是雅思找工作场景中经常考查的细节点，大家要注意哦！

Type of work: vacation jobs, office work, bar attendant, waiter, waitress, zoo attendant, childcare, library assistant, restaurant work, shop assistant, sales assistant, domestic work, reporter, carpenter, freelance, part-time job, full-time job, temporary job

Main roles: receptionist, shop assistant, looking after animals (kangaroo), educate visitors, save wounded/injured animals, maintain website, selling garden tools/carpets, handle customer complaint

Advantages and disadvantages: pay, working hours, workload, flexible, equipment, transportation

Working hours: am pm weekdays (during the week), weekends,bank holidays, public holidays, New year, Christmas

Pay rate: pound/dollar per hour, starting salary, wage

Clothes: formal clothes, suit, informal clothes, casual clothes shirt, trousers, tie, bow tie, uniform

Transportation: bus, train, subway, tube, metro, taxi, cab

Magazine reporters: housing magazine, entertainment magazine, sports magazine, economy magazine, IT magazine

Listening situation: shopping

在剑桥雅思中有出现过对比几家商店或者品牌的产品的优缺点，进而得出一个综合评价并给出买或不买的最终建议的听力场景。今年的听力考试里，以下这些词也出现过很多次。

Price: discount, concession, promotion, sales, half price, normal price, 30% off

Packaging: economy package, family package, container, image, presentation of products

Where to buy: supermarket, market, shop, store, department store, chain store, online，shopping

Receipt: invoice, quality warranty, receipt

Supermarket: entrance (profitable), middle shelf (expensive), end of aisles (hard to move), quieter places ( need time to think about)

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)

英 语

(满分:120分钟，考试时间:120分)

注 意 事 项

考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。

1. 本试卷共14页，包含选择题(第1题~第70题，共70题)、非选择题(第71题~第81题，共11题)两部分。本卷满分为120分，考试时间为120分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

2. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置上。

3. 请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符。

4. 作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。作答非选择题，必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效。

第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 20 分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?

A. £ 19.15. B. £ 9.18. C. £ 9.15.

答案是 C。

1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

Where does this conversation take place?

A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum.

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】W: Excuse me, sir, visiting hours are over now. Your wife must get some rest.

M: Oh, I’m sorry, doctor. I didn’t hear the bell, or I would’ve left earlier.

2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

What does Jack want to do?

A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule.

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】M: Hello, my name is Jack. I need to get in shape. How do I register for the classes?

W: We’ll need you to join the gym, and then you can find out which classes fit your schedule the best.

3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

What are the speakers talking about?

A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave.

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】W: I’ll see you at the theatre.

M: Better still, let’s meet in the Red Lion bar to have a little nice talk.

W: Good idea, and I’d love to have a drink there.

4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

What is the relationship between the speakers?

A. Colleges. B. Classmates. C. Strangers.

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】M: Hello, my name is John Arber. And I’m calling to ask about the position advertised in Friday’s DailyMail.

W: Yes, the position is still open. You could come over and have a talk with us.

5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?

A. She might want a ticket.

B. She is looking for the man.

C. She has an extra ticket.

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】M: I have an extra ticket to the concert tonight. Would you like to join me?

W: Thanks, but I already have one. You can ask Emily. She might be interested.

第二节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

6. How long did James run his business？

A. 10 years. B. 13years. C. 15 years.

7. How does the woman feel about James' situation？

A. Embarrassed. B. Concerned. C. Disappointed.

【答案】6. C 7. B

【解析】

W: Did you know James went out of business?

M: Really? When was that?

W: Last month.

M: That’s too bad! He had owned that business for 15 years. What happened?

W: I don’t know. But life must be pretty tough for his family now. His sons are still so young. One is 13 and the other is 10.

M: Well, maybe things are not as bad as they seem to be.

W: I hope so.

【6题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【7题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

8. What has Kate's mother decided to do？

A. Return to school. B. Change her job. C. Retire from work.

9. What did Kate's mother study at college？

A. Oil painting. B. Art history. C. Business administration.

10. What is Kate's attitude toward her mother's decision?

A. Disapproving. B. Ambiguous. C. Understanding.

【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C

【解析】

W: Guess what? My mother’s decided to go back to school.

M: Why?

W: Well, she always loved art, but learned business admistration at college, because her parents thought it was difficult for an artist to find a job.

M: So she wants to study art now?

W: Yeah, oil paining. It’s been her dream for a long time.

M: It’s nice to return to learn what she loves. But, Kate, I still think old age should be about peace and relaxation. Hurrying to school every day and having to pass exams sounds a bit too much for her.

W: You know, she retired last year and I’m leaving for the university soon. She needs to find something interesting to do.

M: Well, maybe, if it’s what she wants.

【8题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【9题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【10题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

11. What is the man doing？

A. Chairing a meeting. B. Hosting a radio program. C. Conducting a job interview.

12. What benefits Mary most in her job？

A. Her wide reading. B. Her leaders' guidance. C. Her friends' help

13. Who will Mary talk about next？

A. Her teacher. B. Her father C. Her mother.

【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C

【解析】

M: Dear listeners, for today’s show, I have with me, my colleague, Mary Lenny. She has been a radio and TV reporter for many years. Mary, welcome to our show!

W: It’s a pleasure to be here.

M: Would you please tell our listeners who most influenced your decision to become a reporter?

Both my parents had a great influence on my choice of work, instead of trying to pick out a job for me, they helped me learn those things that led me to it.

M: How did they do that?

W: My father always told me that an education was one of the greatest advantages I could have, one that would always stay with me. He used to tell me that readers were leaders, and encouraged me to read all I could. As a result, I’ve always kept up with the newspapers, faithfully read magazines and learned to really enjoy books, all of which have been a valuable help to me in radio and television reporting.

M: What about your mother?

W: Well, my mother helped me in a much different way.

【11题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【12题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【13题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

14. Why does the man seldom do exercise？

A. He lacks motivation.

B. He has a heart problem.

C. He works all the time.

15. What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do？

A. He's an athlete.

B. He's a researcher.

C. He's a journalist.

16. Why does the woman speak of a study？

A. To encourage the man.

B. To recommend an exercise.

C. To support her findings.

17. How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly？

A. 300 minutes.

B. 150 minute.

C. 75 minutes.

【答案】14. A 15. B 16. A 17. C

【解析】

M: We all know that exercise is good for us, but sometimes it seems too hard to leave the sofa.

W: I can see that. You seldom do exercise.

M: Plus, having the doctor tell us to get two and a half hours’ exercise a week doesn’t really help our motivation much.

W: Don’t be discouraged. Now a new study suggests getting benefits from exercise doesn’t have to be that demanding. Jacob Sattelmair from Harvard University has done a study into how much exercise is needed to lower the risk of heart attacks.

M: Mmm…, interesting!

W: The study showed that people who put in 300 minutes a week of exercise had a 20% lower risk of death due to heart disease. Still, the people who exercise 115 minutes a week did pretty well, too, lowering their death risk by 14 %.

M: And what about the people who exercise half as much as that, like what I probably do? Does that help?

W: Of course, even 15 minutes would help.

【14题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【15题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【16题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【17题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

18. What did the scientists do to the road？

A. They repaired it.

B. They painted it.

C. They blocked it

19. Why are young birds drawn to the road surface？

A. It's warm.

B. It's brown.

C. It's smooth.

20. What is the purpose of the scientists' experiment？

A. To keep the birds there for a whole year.

B. To help students study the birds well.

C. To prevent the birds from being killed.

【答案】18. B 19. A 20. C

【解析】

Here is a piece of news for bird lovers. Scientists have painted a long road, red, yellow and white. They help to discourage the sea birds from wandering onto the highway. The area is home to large crowds of birds that come to stay for the season. Young birds are often attracted to the warm roads’ surface and get killed by the traffic. Biology student, Hannah tells the broadcaster. The youngster’s feathers are brown in color. The dark-colored road surface makes the youngster hard to be noticed. As the number of tourists has grown, so has the amount of traffic on the roads. Biologist Christen says the plan is to see how the birds respond to the multi-colored road this summer, and if it works, the idea could spread to other parts of the country.

【18题详解】

此

听力题，解析略。

【19题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【20题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)

第一节:单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants.

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

答案是B。

21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.

A. which B. what C. when D. that

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。

22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.

A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。

23.The doctor shares his phone number with the patients __________ they need medical assistance.

A. if only B. as if C. even though D. in case

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查状语从句的连词。句意：医生给了病人他的手机号码，以防病人需要医疗援助。A. if only要是…多好；B. as if好像，仿佛；C. even though即使，尽管；D. in case以备，以防，免得。故选D。

24.More wind power stations will ____________ to meet the demand for clean energy.

A. take up B. clear up C. hold up D. spring up

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查动词词组。句意：为了满足新能源的需求，更多的风力发电站将会被建立起来。A. take up开始从事，占领，开始干（工作）；B. clear up整理，收拾，解决（问题）；C. hold up（论点、理论等） 站得住脚，阻挡，举起；D. spring up出现，涌现。故选D。

25.Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.

A. what B. that C. which D. where

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。

26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.

A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。

27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.

A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。

28.Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise.

A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A. casual偶然的，随便的；B. regular定期的，有规律的；C. flexible灵活的；D. tight紧的，密封的。故选C。

29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.

A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查谓语动词时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。

30.___________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.

A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。

31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.

A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。

32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.

A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构，故选A。

33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.

A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。

34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.

A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。

35.—Let's take a coffee break.

— __________ We' ve been working for hours.

A. Why bother? B. What for? C. You got me there. D. You said it.

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查情景对话。——句意：我们休息一下喝杯咖啡吧。——你算说对了。我们已经工作好几个小时了。下文说“我们已经工作好几个小时了”，上文应该是赞同这个建议。 why bother没有必要；what for为什么；You got me there你把我搞糊涂了；You said it你算说对了，故选D。

第二节:完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物种)that are ___36___ every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of existence.

Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their ___38___. Emma, a female crane, has been in their ___39___ since she arrived in 2004.

Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was ___40___ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected ___41___, though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had ___42___ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She ___43___ to live with male cranes, and even had a ___44___ for killing some of them, which made it ___45___ for her to become a mother.

___46___, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a ___47___ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction. This ___48___ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.

The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be ___49___, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the ___50___, and many other species appear headed toward extinction. ___51___, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.

How can we ___52___ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the ___53___: human beings took it for granted that their ___54___ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better ___55___.

36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing

37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove

38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration

39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story

40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized

41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice

42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully

43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated

44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation

45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible

46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead

47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system

48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled

49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant

50. A. it B. rise C. agenda D. decline

51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary

52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify

53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward

54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects

55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion

【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. C 41. B 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. D 51. B 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. A

【解析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。在现代，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝。白鹤就是其中之一。但是，有很多人正在竭尽全力保护这些物种免于灭绝。Chris和Tim通过努力，帮助一只名叫Emma的雌鹤繁殖了五只幼鹤。

【36题详解】

根据第一句“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age”和最后一句提到的“…the species from going out of existence”可以推知，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝，即：“消失”。D选项正确。

【37题详解】

前文提到每天都有物种消失，那么该句应指科学家们正在竭尽全力保护这些物种，使它们免于灭绝。故B选项正确。

【38题详解】

上文最后一句提到科学家们竭尽全力保护濒临灭绝的物种，由此推知，该处应指Chris和Tim帮助濒危物种繁殖，增加它们的数量，这样它们才不至于灭绝。故该空应指“繁殖”，C选项正确。

【39题详解】

自从2004年，Emma一直由Chris和Tim照顾。该空和下一句中的“human caretaker”呼应。故选A。

【40题详解】

根据空后的“human caretakers”可知，caretaker当然是照看Emma的。故该句应指：出生在一个国际鹤基地，Emma由人类抚养照看。故选C。

【41题详解】

根据空后的though（尽管）可知，though前后的两个句子之间是转折关系。后面提到，她过得很开心。根据转折关系，那么前文应该表示“但是这导致了出乎意料的结果”。B选项正确。

【42题详解】

根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humans…even …killing some of them”等内容可知，因为Emma一直由人类照看，所以它没有将自己看作是一只鹤，而是深深的依恋上了人类。故选A。

【43题详解】

根据上文，Emma不把自己当作鹤，所以它“拒绝”和雄鹤生活在一起。B选项正确。

【44题详解】

根据even（甚至）这个递进关系可知，Emma不仅拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，而且因为弄死了几只雄鹤而“臭名昭著”。故D选项正确。

【45题详解】

Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活，这当然使得她“不可能”生育小鹤，成为妈妈。D选项正确。

【46题详解】

上文提到Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活，使得她不可能生育小鹤。下文提到两位动物园管理员不想看到这一物种的灭绝。由此推知，上下文之间是转折关系。C选项正确。

【47题详解】

经过努力，Chris和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起。A选项正确。

【48题详解】

Chris和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起，这使得Emma诞育了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使……能够做某事”，D选项正确。

【49题详解】

根据后文

more efforts must be made可以推知，尽管两个人为自己的成就感到骄傲，但是他们还需要付出更多努力，因为野生鹤的数量在减少。所以他们还不能完全放心（白鹤不会灭绝）。故选C。assured意为“确定的，有把握的，自信的”。

【50题详解】

根据because可知，前后句之间是因果关系，根据more efforts must be made可以推知，野生白鹤数量在减少，所以，还要付出更多的努力（来挽救白鹤灭绝）。故D选项正确。

【51题详解】

前文提到：野生白鹤数量正在减少，很多其他物种似乎也在逐渐灭绝。该句提到，并不是所有的人都意识到野生动物有思想，感情，以及平等生存的权利。很明显，该句是对前文出现野生动物濒临灭绝原因的一种解释。故B选项正确。after all：毕竟（用于解释和说明理由）。

【52题详解】

针对上文提到的很多物种灭绝这种现象，作者提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？B选项正确。

53题详解】

前文提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？Chris和Tim的做法给我们提供了一个答案。C选项正确。

【54题详解】

根据下文中的“hold all the solutions”可以推断出，人类认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。即：人类认为自己的大脑可以想出所有的解决办法。A选项正确。

【55题详解】

根据转折词but可以推知，人类想当然的认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们可以用“心”更好地“引领”他们去保护这些濒危的动物。故A选项正确。

第三部分: 阅读理解(共15 小题； 每小题2 分, 满分30 分)

请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.

High energy

If you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding. Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at Poole's Cavern. And don't forget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.

High minded

Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you' ll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery. There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops and events.

Keeping the kids happy

Children love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and there’s plenty more to explore at the Buxton Museum. There's a new indoor play centre, plus the special events and workshops, and others during school holiday periods

56. If you want to take an undergounld journey, which place is the best choice?

A. Pole's Caven. B. Pavilion Gardens.

C. Buxton Museum. D. Green Man Gallery.

57. Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers ________.

A. rides in small trains

B. courses in modcm arts

C. artistic and cultural activities

D. basic courses in horse riding

【答案】56. A 57. C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。短文向游客介绍了去布克斯顿旅游可以去的一些景点的相关信息。

【56题详解】

细节理解题。由High energy中的“...... journey beneath the earth at Poole's Cavern”可知，在 Poole's Cavern，可以在地下旅行，也就是乘坐地铁旅行。所以如果你想乘地铁旅行，Poole's Cavern是你最好的选择。故A选项正确。

【57题详解】

细节理解题。由High minded中的“Buxton is justifiably proud of it’s cultural life and you will find much to suit all tastes with art ,music,opera,and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House&Pavilion Arts Center and Green Man Gallery”可知，Buxton 以其丰富的文化生活而自豪，在Buxton Opera House&Pavilion Arts Center and Green Man Gallery，您将发现许多适合各种品味的艺术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术。所以Buxton Opera House&Pavilion Arts Center特别是因为它提供艺术和文化活动。故C选项正确。

B

In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.

Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second les known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere.

Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.

58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？

A. Its complicated geographical features.

B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.

C. The mysterious history of the park.

D. The exact location of the volcano.

59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？

A. The shapes of volcanoes.

B. The impacts of volcanoes.

C. The activities of volcanoes.

D. The heights of volcanoes.

60. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean？

A. Hot-air balloon. B. Digital camera.

C. Big photograph. D. Bird's view.

【答案】58. D 59. A 60. C

【解析】

本文为记叙文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。

【58题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选D。

【59题详解】

主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。

【60题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。

C

Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?

It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.

The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.

Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.

In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.

Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.

61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.

A. a lack of confidence in technology

B. a slow progress in technology

C. a conflict of public opinions

D. a waste of limited resources

62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.

A. take people's essential needs into account

B. make their programmes attractive to people

C. ensure that each child gets financial support

D. provide more affordable internet facilities

63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?

A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.

B. Believing that the world has become borderless.

C. Ignoring the power of economic development.

D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.

64. What can we learn from the passage?

A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.

B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.

C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.

D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.

【答案】61. D 62. A 63. B 64. B

【解析】

本文属于议论文，讲述对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。

【61题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段However, they have reak impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。

【62题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。

【63题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". 以及Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选B。

【64题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知，传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。

D

The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s(阿尔楚海默症). He was losing his memory.

A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.

Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.

Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.

“Why do this?” Steve wondered.

“Because she cares.” Melissa said.

Steve nodded, tears in eye.

Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.

Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.

“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”

Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was sill in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.

Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.

Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.

Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.

Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.

Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.

In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower”

She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.

After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.

The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.

By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.

Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.

65. Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music?

A. His music could stop his disease from worsening.

B. She wanted to please her dying old father.

C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family.

D. She wanted to make her father a professional.

66. After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.

A. refused to make a comment on it

B. was deeply impressed by his music

C. decided to free Steve from suffering

D. regretted offering help to her friend

67. How can the process of Steve’s recording be described?

A. It was slow but productive.

B. It was beneficial to his health.

C. It was tiresome for Naomi.

D. It was vital for Naomi’s career.

68. Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______.

A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted

B. didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about

C. didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music

D. brought her husband’s music career to perfection

69. How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland？

A. He felt concerned about his illness.

B. He sensed a responsibility for music.

C. He regained his faith in music.

D. He got into a state of quiet.

70. What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A. The Kindness of Friends

B. The Power of Music

C. The Making of a Musician

D. The Value of Determination

【答案】65. C 66. B 67. A 68. C 69. D 70. B